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Cemach Feldstein
Cemach Feldstein ((fɛldstajn ); sometimes spelled Tzemach; (ヘブライ語:צמח פלדשטיין); (イディッシュ語:פעלדשטיין); (リトアニア語:Feldsteinas); (ロシア語:Семён Григорович Фельдштейн), Semyon Grigorovitch; December 30, 1884 - December 29, 1944〔Exact date of birth according to: Yozelit, P. J. (1977). Dr. Cemach Feldstein ''hayad''. ''HeAvar'' () 22, p. 280; in the in Eilat Gordin Levitan’s website: December 31. Exact date of death according to death record on the , Central Database of the Holocaust, Victims names, Yad Vashem website.〕 was a Lithuanian Jewsish educator, author, an education reformist, a culture Zionist activist. As an educator he was served as the director of several Jewish gymnasiums, the most notable of which was the Hebrew Real-Gymnasium in Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania (1922-1940), where most of the subjects were taught in Modern Hebrew.
After being deported to the Vilna Ghetto in 1941, Feldstein continued to be a cultural activist. He became the editor of the ghetto newspaper, translated essays and writings into Hebrew, gave lectures, and was an inspirational coordinator the ghetto’s cultural life.
== Early Life and Education ==
Cemach Ben Zvi Feldstein was born in the town of Kudirkos Naumiestis, Suwałki Governorate, Russian Empire (southern Lithuania) on December 1884, the eldest of five children (two boys and three girls), the son of Zvi Feldstein, a Jewish orthodox merchant, and Malka Leah. Feldstein studied in several schools and graduated from a Gymnasium in Königsberg, East Prussia, Germany. He then enrolled at the University of Berlin, where he studied history and philosophy. After finishing his first degree, Feldstein continued his education at the University of Bern in Switzerland, where he received a doctoral degree. His dissertation, which was guided by Ludwig Stein, was on the foundations of Hermann Cohen’s interpretation of Kant’s Ethics (''Cohens Begründung der Ethik''). The dissertation, submitted in November 1907, was published in Breslau in 1914. During his studies at Bern, he met his future wife, Elke Freida Buzhanski, who was close to finishing her medical studies. She gave up completing her degree to marry him in 1910. The couple moved to Warsaw, Russian Poland where he became a teacher of Hebrew culture at the Jewish highschool of Magnus Krynski. The couple had three children: Araeh Leib (Liova; b. 1911), Esther (Toussia; b. 1914), and Joshua (Yehoshua; b. 1921).
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